1
vector<pair<int,int>> a(3);
2
cin>>a; // <- 1 2 3 4 5 6
3
cout<<a<<endl; // -> [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]

1
vector<pair<string,tuple<int,int,int>>> a(2);
2
cin>>a; // <- abcd 1 2 3 efgh 4 5 6
3
cout<<a<<endl; // -> [(abcd, (1, 2, 3)), (efgh, (4, 5, 6))]

1
template <class T>
2
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const vector<T> &_v);
3
template <class T>
4
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const deque<T> &_v);
5
template <class T>
6
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const list<T> &_v);
7
template <class T, class Y>
8
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const pair<T, Y> &_v);
9
template <class... Ts>
10
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const tuple<Ts...> &t);
11
template <class T, class Y>
12
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const map<T, Y> &_v);
13
template <class T, class Y>
14
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const multimap<T, Y> &_v);
15
template <class T, class Y>
16
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const unordered_map<T, Y> &_v);
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template <class T, class Y>
18
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const unordered_multimap<T, Y> &_v);
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template <class T>
20
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const set<T> &_v);
21
template <class T>
22
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const multiset<T> &_v);
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template <class T>
24
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const unordered_set<T> &_v);
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template <class T>
26
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const unordered_multiset<T> &_v);
27
template <class T>
28
ostream &_orange(ostream &_ostr, const T &_v) {
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  _ostr << "[";
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  for (bool tr = true; auto &i : _v)
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    _ostr << (tr ? tr = false, "" : ", ") << i;
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  return _ostr << "]";
33
}
34
template <class T>
35
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const vector<T> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
36
template <class T>
37
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const deque<T> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
38
template <class T>
39
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const list<T> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
40
template <class T, class Y>
41
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const pair<T, Y> &_v) { return _ostr << "(" << _v.first << ", " << _v.second << ")"; }
42
template <class... Ts>
43
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const tuple<Ts...> &_v) {
44
  bool tr = true;
45
  _ostr << "(";
46
  apply([&_ostr, &tr](auto &&...args) {
47
    auto print = [&](auto &&val) {
48
      if (!tr)
49
        _ostr << ", ";
50
      _ostr << val;
51
      tr = false;
52
    };
53
    (print(args), ...);
54
  },
55
        _v);
56
  return _ostr << ")";
57
}
58
template <class T, class Y>
59
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const map<T, Y> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
60
template <class T, class Y>
61
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const multimap<T, Y> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
62
template <class T, class Y>
63
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const unordered_map<T, Y> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
64
template <class T>
65
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const set<T> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
66
template <class T>
67
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const multiset<T> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
68
template <class T>
69
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const unordered_set<T> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
70
template <class T>
71
ostream &operator<<(ostream &_ostr, const unordered_multiset<T> &_v) { return _orange(_ostr, _v); }
72
template <class T>
73
istream &operator>>(istream &_istr, vector<T> &_v);
74
template <class T>
75
istream &operator>>(istream &_istr, deque<T> &_v);
76
template <class T, class Y>
77
istream &operator>>(istream &_istr, pair<T, Y> &_v);
78
template <class T>
79
istream &_irange(istream &_istr, T &_v) {
80
  for (auto &i : _v)
81
    _istr >> i;
82
  return _istr;
83
}
84
template <class T>
85
istream &operator>>(istream &_istr, vector<T> &_v) { return _irange(_istr, _v); }
86
template <class T>
87
istream &operator>>(istream &_istr, deque<T> &_v) { return _irange(_istr, _v); }
88
template <class T, class Y>
89
istream &operator>>(istream &_istr, pair<T, Y> &_v) { return _istr >> _v.first >> _v.second; }